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Distinct macrophage phenotypes and redox environment during the fin fold regenerative process in zebrafish
Author(s) -
Paredes Lais Cavalieri,
Luz Rebeca Bosso dos Santos,
Tozzi Ollavo Nogueira,
de Carvalho Lucicleide Ângelo Silva Jungles,
Calado Sabrina Loise de Morais,
Padovani Bárbara Nunes,
Fénero Camila Idelí Morales,
do Amaral Mariana Abrantes,
de Assis Helena Cristina da Silva,
Câmara Niels Olsen Saraiva,
Braga Tarcio Teodoro
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.934
H-Index - 88
eISSN - 1365-3083
pISSN - 0300-9475
DOI - 10.1111/sji.13026
Subject(s) - microbiology and biotechnology , oxidative stress , zebrafish , myeloperoxidase , superoxide dismutase , regeneration (biology) , biology , macrophage , innate immune system , immune system , inflammation , immunology , biochemistry , in vitro , gene
In contrast to mammals, zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) has the ability to regenerate injured sites such as different tissues present in the fin. It is known that cells of the innate immune system play essential roles in regeneration; however, some aspects of the molecular mechanisms by which these cells orchestrate regeneration remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the infiltration dynamics of neutrophils and macrophages in the regenerative process of fin fold in regard to the influence of the redox environment and oxidative pathways. Fin fold amputation was performed on transgenic larvae for macrophage‐expressed gene 1 (mpeg1), lysozyme (lyz), myeloperoxidase (mpo) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) at 3 days post‐fertilization, followed by confocal microscopy imaging and measurement of the activities of oxidant and antioxidant enzymes. We observed initially an increase in the number of neutrophils (lyz:DsRed+/mpx:GFP+) and then macrophages (mpeg1+) in the injury site followed by a decrease in neutrophils at 7 days post‐amputation (dpa). Moreover, macrophages switch from a pro‐inflammatory to an anti‐inflammatory profile throughout the process, while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased at 1 dpa and catalase (CAT) at 5 dpa. Higher levels of lipid peroxidation were also detected during regeneration. Despite oxidative stress, there is, therefore, an antioxidant response throughout the regeneration of the caudal fin. The present work can contribute to future studies on the development of cell therapies, achieving greater effectiveness in the treatment of diseases related to the formation of fibrotic tissue.