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Tryptophan Metabolism Along the Kynurenine Pathway Downstream of Toll‐like Receptor Stimulation in Peripheral Monocytes
Author(s) -
Orhan F.,
Bhat M.,
Sandberg K.,
Ståhl S.,
Piehl F.,
Svensson C.,
Erhardt S.,
Schwieler L.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.934
H-Index - 88
eISSN - 1365-3083
pISSN - 0300-9475
DOI - 10.1111/sji.12479
Subject(s) - kynurenine , kynurenine pathway , quinolinic acid , stimulation , indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase , receptor , immune system , toll like receptor , kynurenic acid , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , tryptophan , innate immune system , biochemistry , immunology , endocrinology , amino acid , nmda receptor
Tryptophan degradation along the kynurenine pathway is of central importance for the immune function. Toll‐like receptors ( TLR s), representing the first line of immune defence against pathogens, are expressed in various cell types. The most abundant expression is found on monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether stimulation with different TLR ligands induces the kynurenine pathway in human peripheral monocytes. Cell supernatants were analysed using a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to measure kynurenine, kynurenic acid ( KYNA ), quinolinic acid ( QUIN ) and tryptophan. Stimulation of TLR ‐2, TLR ‐3, TLR ‐4, TLR ‐7/8 and TLR ‐9 was found to induce the production of kynurenine, but only stimulation of TLR ‐3 increased levels of further downstream metabolites, such as KYNA and QUIN . Stimulation of TLR ‐1, TLR ‐5 and TLR ‐6 did not induce the kynurenine pathway. Taken together, this study provides novel evidence demonstrating that TLR activation induces a pattern of downstream tryptophan degradation along the kynurenine pathway in monocytes. The results of this study may implicate that TLR s can be used as new drug targets for the regulation of aberrant tryptophan metabolism along this pathway, a potential therapeutic strategy that may be of importance in several disorders.