Premium
Vitamin D status in Well‐Controlled Caucasian HIV Patients in Relation to Inflammatory and Metabolic Markers – A Cross‐Sectional Cohort Study in Sweden
Author(s) -
Missailidis C.,
Höijer J.,
Johansson M.,
Ekström L.,
Bratt G.,
Hejdeman B.,
Bergman P.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
scandinavian journal of immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.934
H-Index - 88
eISSN - 1365-3083
pISSN - 0300-9475
DOI - 10.1111/sji.12299
Subject(s) - medicine , dyslipidemia , vitamin d and neurology , systemic inflammation , inflammation , immunology , vitamin , risk factor , vitamin d deficiency , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , blood lipids , cohort , gastroenterology , disease , cholesterol
To study vitamin D (25 OH D 3 ) in relation to (i) microbial translocation (ii) systemic inflammation and (iii) blood lipid markers, in Caucasian, well‐controlled HIV patients and healthy controls, plasma and serum samples from n = 97 male, HIV patients on HAART with immeasurable viral load (<20 copies/ml) since median 6.5 years and no concurrent inflammatory or infectious disease and n = 30 healthy controls were analysed for (i) LPS ; (ii) sCD 14, hs CRP , IL ‐4, IL ‐6, IL ‐10, IL ‐17, MCP ‐1 and IFN ‐ γ ; as well as (iii) blood lipids. Vitamin D levels were similarly distributed and equally low in both HIV patients and controls. There was no association between vitamin D levels and markers of microbial translocation, systemic inflammation or dyslipidemia. LPS levels were similar in both groups but HIV patients expressed higher levels of sCD 14 and hs CRP , with HIV as an independent risk factor. HIV patients had higher cholesterol and Apo B levels. Notably, more HIV patients smoked and smoking was associated with lower vitamin D levels. In conclusion; these well‐treated Caucasian HIV patients had similar vitamin D levels as healthy controls. However, despite perfect virological control, they exhibited slightly increased inflammatory markers and disturbed blood lipids. However, neither of these parameters were associated with low vitamin D levels but appeared to be linked to the HIV ‐disease per se . Thus, the rationale for vitamin D substitution as a way to improve microbial translocation and systemic inflammation is not fully supported in this HIV population.