An Anatomy of Nationhood and the Question of Assimilation: Debates on Turkishness Revisited

Scholars have primarily debated the anatomy of T urkishness within the framework of an ethnic versus civic dichotomy. Arguing that such an approach would be inconclusive and less explanatory, this article approaches T urkishness from a singularity/plurality framework. First, the article emphasizes the singular nature of T urkishness – defined as monolithic nationhood – in the early Republican years that rejected any alternative identity approaches other than the definition of the state elites. Second, the article argues that the homogenization of the nation by the new state targeted those who considered themselves T urks as well, especially those who did not fit the ‘ideal’ or ‘imagined’ T urk (i.e. Muslim but secular, urban, and Western). The final section analyses the persistence and change in the monolithic nationhood in T urkey throughout the twentieth century and considers the implications of the state's recent identity policies on the meaning of T urkishness.