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Prevention of infective endocarditis and bacterial resistance to antibiotics: A brief review
Author(s) -
LoyolaRodriguez Juan Pablo,
FrancoMiranda Alexandre,
LoyolaLeyva Alejandra,
PerezElizalde Bulfrano,
ContrerasPalma Guillermo,
SanchezAdame Oscar
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
special care in dentistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.328
H-Index - 41
eISSN - 1754-4505
pISSN - 0275-1879
DOI - 10.1111/scd.12415
Subject(s) - medicine , antibiotics , amoxicillin , clavulanic acid , antibiotic resistance , clindamycin , infective endocarditis , moxifloxacin , bacteremia , antibiotic prophylaxis , daptomycin , microbiology and biotechnology , intensive care medicine , bacteria , vancomycin , biology , staphylococcus aureus , genetics
The purpose of this statement is to debate the recommendations of the American Heart Association (AHA) for the prevention of infective endocarditis through an antibiotic prophylaxis protocol and its relation with bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Since dental infections involve biofilms that include several bacterial species (Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive), it is essential, from the dental point of view, to consider the frequency, magnitude, and duration of bacteremia associated with active dental infections before applying antibiotic prophylaxis. The actual guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis should be revised according to recent evidence of bacterial resistance. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and moxifloxacin should be considered due to their effectiveness against bacteria associated with oral, GU, and GI infections and the low rates of antibiotic resistance associated with these antibiotics, instead of the actual protocol, which includes amoxicillin (2 g) or clindamycin (600 mg) administered an hour before the dental procedures. The breaking point to test the antibiotic bacterial resistance (ABR) had a wide range in the different studies that were analyzed, which could explain the widely varied ABR percentages reported for the various antibiotics used for antibiotic prophylaxis.