Premium
Estimating prevalence of injecting drug users and associated heroin‐related death rates in England by using regional data and incorporating prior information
Author(s) -
King Ruth,
Bird Sheila M.,
Overstall Antony M.,
Hay Gordon,
Hutchinson Sharon J.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of the royal statistical society: series a (statistics in society)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.103
H-Index - 84
eISSN - 1467-985X
pISSN - 0964-1998
DOI - 10.1111/rssa.12011
Subject(s) - covariate , demography , mark and recapture , propensity score matching , population , heroin , confidence interval , estimation , statistics , credible interval , medicine , bayesian probability , regional variation , mortality rate , geography , drug , mathematics , sociology , economics , management , psychiatry , political science , law
Summary Injecting drug users (IDUs) have a direct social and economic effect yet can typically be regarded as a hidden population within a community. We estimate the size of the IDU population across the nine different Government Office regions of England in 2005–2006 by using capture–recapture methods with age (ranging from 15 to 64 years) and gender as covariate information. We consider a Bayesian model averaging approach using log‐linear models, where we can include explicit prior information within the analysis in relation to the total IDU population (elicited from the number of drug‐related deaths and injectors’ drug‐related death rates). Estimation at the regional level allows for regional heterogeneity with these regional estimates aggregated to obtain a posterior mean estimate for the number of England's IDUs of 195840 with 95% credible interval (181700, 210480). There is significant variation in the estimated regional prevalence of current IDUs per million of population aged 15–64 years, and in injecting drug‐related death rates across the gender × age cross‐classifications. The propensity of an IDU to be seen by at least one source also exhibits strong regional variability with London having the lowest propensity of being observed (posterior mean probability 0.21) and the South West the highest propensity (posterior mean 0.46).