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Recommended Reference Values for Risk Assessment of Oral Exposure to Copper
Author(s) -
Taylor Alicia A.,
Tsuji Joyce S.,
McArdle Margaret E.,
Adams William J.,
Goodfellow William L.
Publication year - 2023
Publication title -
risk analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.972
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1539-6924
pISSN - 0272-4332
DOI - 10.1111/risa.13906
Subject(s) - risk assessment , reference dose , environmental health , agency (philosophy) , risk analysis (engineering) , reference values , medicine , computer science , computer security , philosophy , epistemology
Abstract The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database, the authoritative source of U.S. risk assessment toxicity factors, currently lacks an oral reference dose (RfD) for copper. In the absence of such a value, various health‐based reference values for copper are available for use in risk assessment. We summarize the scientific bases and differences in assumptions among key reference values for ingested copper to guide selection of appropriate values for risk assessment. A comprehensive review of the scientific literature best supports the oral RfD of 0.04 mg/kg body weight/day derived by EPA from their Drinking Water Action Level. This value is based on acute gastrointestinal effects but is further supported by broader analysis of copper deficiency and toxicity.