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A Decision Support Tool to Compare Waterborne and Foodborne Infection and/or Illness Risks Associated with Climate Change
Author(s) -
Schijven Jack,
Bouwknegt Martijn,
Roda Husman Ana Maria,
Rutjes Saskia,
Sudre Bertrand,
Suk Jonathan E.,
Semenza Jan C.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
risk analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.972
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1539-6924
pISSN - 0272-4332
DOI - 10.1111/risa.12077
Subject(s) - norovirus , campylobacter , cryptosporidium , climate change , environmental health , biosecurity , waterborne diseases , biology , environmental science , risk assessment , risk analysis (engineering) , ecology , medicine , water quality , outbreak , virology , bacteria , genetics , computer security , computer science , feces
Climate change may impact waterborne and foodborne infectious disease, but to what extent is uncertain. Estimating climate‐change‐associated relative infection risks from exposure to viruses, bacteria, or parasites in water or food is critical for guiding adaptation measures. We present a computational tool for strategic decision making that describes the behavior of pathogens using location‐specific input data under current and projected climate conditions. Pathogen‐pathway combinations are available for exposure to norovirus, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium , and noncholera Vibrio species via drinking water, bathing water, oysters, or chicken fillets. Infection risk outcomes generated by the tool under current climate conditions correspond with those published in the literature. The tool demonstrates that increasing temperatures lead to increasing risks for infection with Campylobacter from consuming raw/undercooked chicken fillet and for Vibrio from water exposure. Increasing frequencies of drought generally lead to an elevated infection risk of exposure to persistent pathogens such as norovirus and Cryptosporidium , but decreasing risk of exposure to rapidly inactivating pathogens, like Campylobacter . The opposite is the case with increasing annual precipitation; an upsurge of heavy rainfall events leads to more peaks in infection risks in all cases. The interdisciplinary tool presented here can be used to guide climate change adaptation strategies focused on infectious diseases.