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Cardiovascular risks of children with primary snoring: A 5‐year follow‐up study
Author(s) -
Au Chun Ting,
Chan Kate ChingChing,
Chook Ping,
Wing Yun Kwok,
Li Albert Martin
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
respirology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.857
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1440-1843
pISSN - 1323-7799
DOI - 10.1111/resp.14089
Subject(s) - medicine , blood pressure , cohort , prospective cohort study , cardiology , diastole , intima media thickness , ambulatory blood pressure , pediatrics , carotid arteries
Background and objective This study aimed to investigate if childhood primary snoring (PS) was associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes at 5‐year follow‐up. Methods This was a prospective matched cohort study. Subjects were recruited from a hospital‐based cohort established from years 2006 to 2012 and they were aged 6–18 years at baseline. Each subject with PS was gender, age and BMI z ‐score matched with a control who had normal sleep study (obstructive apnoea–hypopnoea index [OAHI] < 1/h) and without habitual snoring (<3 nights/week) at baseline. All subjects underwent measurements of flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) and sleep study at baseline and follow‐up visits. Twenty‐four hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) was also recorded at follow‐up. Results Fifty‐five case–control pairs were recruited and the length of follow‐up was 5.1 ± 1.3 years. At follow‐up visit, subjects with PS at baseline had significantly lower FMD (−0.34% [−0.59 to −0.10]), greater cIMT (+0.01 mm [+0.001 to +0.013]), higher wake systolic blood pressure (SBP) (+2.6 mm Hg [+0.02 to +5.1]), sleep SBP (+3.0 mm Hg [+0.3 to +5.6]), sleep diastolic blood pressure (+2.2 mm Hg [+0.04 to +4.4]) and sleep mean arterial pressure (+2.2 mm Hg [+0.1 to +4.2]) compared to matched controls in the fully adjusted model for variables including change in OAHI and parental history of cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion Childhood PS is associated with poorer endothelial function, greater cIMT and higher ABP at 5‐year follow‐up irrespective of change in obstructive sleep apnoea severity.