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Low prevalence of obstructive lung disease in a suburban population of Malaysia: A BOLD collaborative study
Author(s) -
Loh Li Cher,
Rashid Abdul,
Sholehah Siti,
Gnatiuc Louisa,
Patel Jaymini H.,
Burney Peter
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
respirology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.857
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1440-1843
pISSN - 1323-7799
DOI - 10.1111/resp.12793
Subject(s) - medicine , copd , spirometry , odds ratio , obstructive lung disease , population , confidence interval , vital capacity , epidemiology , environmental health , physical therapy , demography , lung , asthma , diffusing capacity , lung function , sociology
Background and objective As a Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) collaboration, we studied the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its associated risk factors in a suburban population in Malaysia. Methods Nonhospitalized men or women of age ≥ 40 years from a Penang district were recruited by stratified simple random sampling. Participants completed detailed questionnaires on respiratory symptoms and exposure to COPD risk factors. Prebronchodilator and post‐bronchodilator spirometry conducted was standardized across all international BOLD sites in device and data quality control. Results Of the 1218 individuals recruited for the study, 663 (340 men and 323 women) had complete questionnaire data and acceptable post‐bronchodilator spirometry. The estimated population prevalence of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) ≥ stage I was 6.5% or 3.4% based on either fixed forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio of <0.7 or National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey‐derived lower limit of normal ratio while the prevalence of GOLD ≥ stage II was either 4.6% or 3.1%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed independent association between all stages of COPD with cigarette smoking pack years (adjusted odds ratio per 10‐year increase: 1.73; 95% confidence interval: 1.09–2.75), use of biomass fuel for cooking (1.61; 1.10–2.36) and exposure to dusty job (1.50; 1.09–2.06). Conclusion This study represented the first robust population‐based epidemiology data on COPD for Malaysia. Compared with other sites globally, our estimated population prevalence was relatively low. In addition to cigarette smoking, use of biomass fuel and exposure to dusty job represented significant risk to the development of COPD.