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Rituximab in severe, treatment‐refractory interstitial lung disease
Author(s) -
Keir Gregory J.,
Maher Toby M.,
Ming Damien,
Abdullah Reza,
Lauretis Angelo,
Wickremasinghe M.,
Nicholson Andrew G.,
Hansell David M.,
Wells Athol U.,
Renzoni Elisabetta A.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
respirology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.857
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1440-1843
pISSN - 1323-7799
DOI - 10.1111/resp.12214
Subject(s) - medicine , rituximab , interstitial lung disease , idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis , hypersensitivity pneumonitis , vital capacity , immunosuppression , gastroenterology , pulmonary function testing , pulmonary fibrosis , diffusing capacity , surgery , immunology , lung , lung function , lymphoma
Abstract Background and objective In patients with severe interstitial lung disease ( ILD ) progressing despite conventional immunosuppression, rituximab, a B ‐lymphocyte depleting monoclonal antibody, may offer an effective rescue therapy. Methods Retrospective assessment of 50 patients with severe, progressive ILD (of varying aetiologies, excluding idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)) treated with rituximab between 2010 and 2012. Change in pulmonary function tests compared with pre‐rituximab levels was assessed at 6–12 months post‐treatment. Results ILD was associated with connective tissue disease in 33 patients, hypersensitivity pneumonitis in 6 patients and miscellaneous conditions in 11 patients. At the time of rituximab administration, patients had severe physiologic impairment with a median forced vital capacity ( FVC ) of 44.0% (24.0–99.0%) and diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide ( DL CO ) of 24.5% (11.4–67.0%). In contrast with a median decline in FVC of 14.3% and DL CO of 18.8% in the 6–12 months prior to rituximab, analysis of paired pulmonary function data revealed a median improvement in FVC of 6.7% ( P < 0.01) and stability of DL CO (0% change; P < 0.01) in the 6–12 months following rituximab treatment. Two patients developed serious infections (pneumonia) requiring hospitalization following rituximab, and 10 patients died from progression of underlying ILD , a median of 5.1 (1.2–24.5) months after treatment. Conclusions In patients with severe, progressive non‐ IPF ILD unresponsive to conventional immunosuppression, rituximab may offer an effective therapeutic intervention. Future prospective, controlled trials are warranted to validate these findings, and to assess safety outcomes.