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Variability and consistency in lung inflammatory responses to particles with a geogenic origin
Author(s) -
Zosky Graeme R.,
Boylen Catherine E.,
Wong Russell S.,
Smirk Michael N.,
Gutiérrez Lucia,
Woodward Robert C.,
Siah W. Shan,
Devine Brian,
Maley Fiona,
Cook Angus
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
respirology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.857
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1440-1843
pISSN - 1323-7799
DOI - 10.1111/resp.12150
Subject(s) - proinflammatory cytokine , particulates , inflammatory response , lung , respiratory system , immunology , medicine , particle (ecology) , environmental chemistry , inflammation , chemistry , biology , ecology
Background and objective Particulate matter <10 μm ( PM 10 ) is well recognized as being an important driver of respiratory health; however, the impact of PM 10 of geogenic origin on inflammatory responses in the lung is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the lung inflammatory response to community sampled geogenic PM 10 . Methods This was achieved by collecting earth material from two regional communities in W estern A ustralia ( K algoorlie‐ B oulder and N ewman), extracting the PM 10 fraction and exposing mice by intranasal instillation to these particles. The physicochemical characteristics of the particles were assessed and lung inflammatory responses were compared to control particles. The primary outcomes were cellular influx and cytokine production in the lungs of the exposed mice. Results The physical and chemical characteristics of the PM 10 from K algoorlie and N ewman differed with the latter having a higher concentration of F e and a larger median diameter. Control particles (2.5 μm polystyrene) caused a significant influx of inflammatory cells (neutrophils) with little production of proinflammatory cytokines. In contrast, the geogenic particles induced the production of MIP ‐2, IL ‐6 and a significant influx of neutrophils. Qualitatively, the response following exposure to particles from K algoorlie and N ewman were consistent; however, the magnitude of the response was substantially higher in the mice exposed to particles from N ewman. Conclusions The unique physicochemical characteristics of geogenic particles induced a proinflammatory response in the lung. These data suggest that particle composition should be considered when setting community standards for PM exposure, particularly in areas exposed to high geogenic particulate loads.