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Testicular shape, scrotal skin thickness and testicular artery blood flow changes in bulls of different ages
Author(s) -
Claus Luís Afonso Marques,
Barca Junior Flávio Antônio,
Junior Celso Koetz,
Pereira Gabriel Ribas,
Fávaro Patrícia da Cruz,
Ferreira Fabio Procópio,
Galdioli Victor Hugo Gonçalves,
Seneda Marcelo Marcondes,
Ribeiro Edson Luís de Azambuja
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
reproduction in domestic animals
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.546
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1439-0531
pISSN - 0936-6768
DOI - 10.1111/rda.13947
Subject(s) - testicular artery , hemodynamics , blood flow , ultrasonography , medicine , testicular volume , diastole , anatomy , artery , surgery , blood pressure , hormone , secondary sex characteristic
The aim of this study was to compare the biometric testicular characteristics, skin thickness and haemodynamics of the testicular artery of 12‐ and 24‐month‐old bulls using Doppler ultrasonography, the study was conducted using 48 indicus‐taurus animals. The scrotal circumference (SC) and biometry characteristics of the bulls were measured to calculate the testicular volume. Doppler ultrasonography was used to obtain the haemodynamic values of the testicular artery. The skin thickness and volume were lower ( p <.01) in the younger bulls (12 months:4.68 ± 0.68 mm; 168.76 ± 47.96 cm 3 ) versus 24 months (5.05 ± 0.89; 499.73 ± 129.24 cm 3 ) animals ( p <.01). During diastole, mean velocity was lower in the 12 months (7.98 ± 3.83) than in the 24 months (11.37 ± 4.15) animals ( p <.05). The 12‐month‐old animals had higher pulsatility and resistivity indices (0.49 ± 0.02; 0.51 ± 0.20) compared to the 24‐month‐old animals (0.32 ± 0.16; 0.40 ± 0.15) ( p < .05). The final testicular end velocity was lower in animals with long/moderate‐shaped (L/M) (7.31 ± 2.91) than in those moderate/oval‐shaped (M/O) (11.48 ± 3.88) testicles ( p < .05). Animals with L/M testes presented higher pulsatility values and resistivity indices (0.51 ± 0.05; 0.55 ± 0.04) compared to animals with M/O shape (0.29 ± 0.20; 0.36 ± 0.15). We showed that the blood flow of the supra testicular artery between the two evaluated ages differed, and that 24‐month‐old bulls presented better thermoregulation capacity. Animals with a long/moderate testicular format presented a greater vascular resistance, which was imposed on the blood flow due to the anatomical differences in the testicular artery, resulting in lower velocity, and indicating better heat dissipation in this format.