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Distribution of inflammation and association between active and chronic alterations within the endometrium of dairy cows
Author(s) -
Bogado Pascottini O,
Hostens M,
Dini P,
Vandepitte J,
Ducatelle R,
Opsomer G
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
reproduction in domestic animals
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.546
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1439-0531
pISSN - 0936-6768
DOI - 10.1111/rda.12742
Subject(s) - endometrium , histopathology , endometritis , infiltration (hvac) , pathology , eosinophil , andrology , biology , peripheral blood mononuclear cell , medicine , physiology , pregnancy , biochemistry , physics , asthma , in vitro , genetics , thermodynamics
Contents Objectives of this study were twofold: (i) to assess the association between polymorphonuclear ( PMN ) counts and chronic alterations within the bovine endometrium and (ii) to determine the distribution of inflammation throughout the endometrium of clinically healthy dairy cows. Holstein‐Friesian cows ( n = 32) from a single dairy farm were selected for this experiment. Before slaughtering, a complete reproductive examination was performed to discard any type of clinical disease. After slaughtering, reproductive tracts were collected, and the endometrium was sampled at 8 pre‐defined locations. At each location, endometrial biopsies ( EB s) and cytology ( CY ) samples were harvested. Histopathology samples were stained with haematoxylin–eosin ( EB ‐ HE ) and naphthol‐ AS ‐D‐chloroacetate‐esterase ( EB ‐naphthol), while CY samples were stained with Wright–Giemsa. In the EB ‐ HE samples, parameters assessed were epithelium height, mononuclear cells infiltration, lymphocytic aggregates, periglandular fibrosis, angiosclerosis and haemorrhage. In EB ‐naphthol and CY slides, PMN s counts were evaluated. Binomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between the number of PMN s present in both the EB ‐naphthol and CY samples and alterations identified in the EB ‐ HE samples and to analyse the distribution of the histopathological alterations ( EB ‐ HE ). A Poisson mixed‐effect model was used to analyse the distribution of PMN s within the endometrium. A significant positive association was found between the PMN counts and the mononuclear cells infiltration. The presence of erythrocytes was associated with higher odds to detect PMN s in the stratum compactum . Significantly, higher infiltration of PMN s and mononuclear cells were detected in the uterine body and the right horn region. Concluding, CY is a technique that allows the evaluation of PMN counts and therefore only evaluates active inflammation. A complete assessment of endometrial health can only be obtained using EB . To optimize the sensitivity to diagnose endometrial inflammation in cows, adjacencies of the corpus uteri should be considered as the preferred region to harvest samples.