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Interoception, conditioning, and fear: The panic threesome
Author(s) -
Van Diest Ilse
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
psychophysiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.661
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1469-8986
pISSN - 0048-5772
DOI - 10.1111/psyp.13421
Subject(s) - psychology , interoception , panic , fear conditioning , panic disorder , classical conditioning , associative learning , cognitive psychology , fear processing in the brain , conditioning , perception , neuroscience , perspective (graphical) , anxiety , developmental psychology , amygdala , psychiatry , statistics , mathematics , artificial intelligence , computer science
The present article aims to illustrate and review evidence on how associative learning involving interoceptive stimuli (interoceptive conditioning) can lead to changes in physiological, emotional, and perceptual outcomes. We first outline a functional perspective on Pavlovian conditioning and provide a general introduction and historical background on interoceptive conditioning as a special instance of Pavlovian conditioning. Next, biological and learning accounts of panic disorder are discussed, followed by an analysis of which stimuli and responses may be most promising to model learning that is relevant to panic disorder. Finally, studies on interoceptive fear conditioning with respiratory stimuli are reviewed and discussed, and future directions are outlined.