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Phylogeography of the freshwater red alga B atrachospermum viride‐brasiliense ( R hodophyta, B atrachospermales)
Author(s) -
Paiano Monica O.,
Necchi Jr Orlando
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
phycological research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.438
H-Index - 44
eISSN - 1440-1835
pISSN - 1322-0829
DOI - 10.1111/pre.12159
Subject(s) - phylogeography , biology , haplotype , population , ecology , zoology , evolutionary biology , phylogenetics , genetics , gene , allele , demography , sociology
SUMMARY Phylogeography of B atrachospermum viride‐brasiliense was investigated using two mitochondrial regions: the cox 2‐3 spacer and the barcode region of cox 1 gene. Eighty‐seven individuals were analyzed from nine stream segments throughout its distribution in B razil. Ten cox 2‐3 spacer and nine cox 1 haplotypes were observed among the individuals studied (87 vs. 43, respectively). Divergences among haplotypes were relatively low (≤2.4% for cox 2‐3 and ≤1.8% for cox 1). Most locations have a single haplotype, whereas only two locations had two haplotypes for both markers. The haplotype network for cox 2‐3 showed a phylogeographic trend from the south towards the southeast with haplotypes from the southeast more closely related. For cox 1 a trend from the southeast spreading towards the south and north was revealed, with the southern haplotypes more closely associated. Results clearly indicated that B . viride‐brasiliense represents a single species and the phylogeographic pattern consisted of a closely connected group of haplotypes from southern and southeastern B razil. Levels of intra‐ and inter‐population variation were similar for the two markers with slightly higher values for cox 2‐3. The trend observed in this study is similar to that in other members of B atrachospermales with little variation within a stream segment (one or two haplotypes) and more distant haplotypes showing higher divergences. This pattern could be attributed to the fact that colonization of a site might be rare by a single event with subsequent proliferation of the population. The geographic distribution of B . viride‐brasiliense was interpreted according to the biogeographic models proposed for S outh A merica being limited to three morpho‐climatic domains or biogeographic provinces: tropical A tlantic rainforest, sub‐tropical rainforest and cerrado ( B razilian savannah).