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Priming of tomato seedlings with 2‐oxoglutarate induces arsenic toxicity alleviatory responses by involving endogenous nitric oxide
Author(s) -
Alamri Saud,
Alsubaie Qasi D.,
AlAmri Abdullah A.,
AlMunqedi Bandar,
Ali Hayssam M.,
Kushwaha Bishwajit K.,
Singh Vijay P.,
Siddiqui Manzer H.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
physiologia plantarum
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.351
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1399-3054
pISSN - 0031-9317
DOI - 10.1111/ppl.13168
Subject(s) - arsenic toxicity , nitrate reductase , glutamine synthetase , nitric oxide , biochemistry , toxicity , superoxide dismutase , lipid peroxidation , glutathione reductase , chemistry , arsenate , catalase , nitrite reductase , glutathione , antioxidant , biology , arsenic , enzyme , glutamine , glutathione peroxidase , amino acid , organic chemistry
Metal toxicity in crop plants is a matter of scientific concern. Therefore, in recent years efforts have been made to minimize metal toxicity in crop plants. Out of various strategies, priming of seedlings with certain chemicals, like e.g. donors of signaling molecules, nutrients, metabolites or plant hormones has shown encouraging results. However, mechanisms related with the priming‐induced mitigation of metal toxicity are still poorly known. Hence, we have tested the potential of 2‐oxoglutarate (2‐OG) priming in enhancing the arsenate (As V ) toxicity tolerance in tomato seedlings along with deciphering the probable role of nitric oxide (NO) in accomplishing this task. Arsenate decreased growth, endogenous NO and nitric oxide synthase‐like activity but enhanced the accumulation of As, which collectively led to root cell death. Arsenate toxicity also decreased some photosynthetic characteristics (i.e. F v /F m, qP, F v /F 0 and F m /F 0 , and total chlorophyll content) but enhanced NPQ. However, priming with 2‐OG alleviated the toxic effect of As V on growth, endogenous NO, cell death and photosynthesis. Moreover, arsenate inhibited the activities of enzymes of nitrogen metabolism (i.e. nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamine 2‐oxoglutarate aminotransferase) but increased the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and NH 4 + content. Superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and membrane damage increased upon As V exposure, but the antioxidant enzymes (i.e. superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione‐ S ‐transferase) showed differential responses. Overall, our results showed that 2‐OG is capable of alleviating As V toxicity in tomato seedlings but the involvement of endogenous NO is probably required.