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Opposite variations in fumarate and malate dominate metabolic phenotypes of Arabidopsis salicylate mutants with abnormal biomass under chilling
Author(s) -
Scott Ian M.,
Ward Jane L.,
Miller Sonia J.,
Beale Michael H.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
physiologia plantarum
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.351
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1399-3054
pISSN - 0031-9317
DOI - 10.1111/ppl.12210
Subject(s) - fumarase , biology , mutant , fumaric acid , salicylic acid , metabolome , arabidopsis thaliana , biochemistry , biomass (ecology) , metabolomics , metabolic pathway , arabidopsis , botany , metabolite , metabolism , gene , ecology , bioinformatics
In chilling conditions (5°C), salicylic acid ( SA )‐deficient mutants ( sid2 , eds5 and NahG ) of Arabidopsis thaliana produced more biomass than wild type (Col‐0), whereas the SA overproducer cpr1 was extremely stunted. The hypothesis that these phenotypes were reflected in metabolism was explored using 600 MHz 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) analysis of unfractionated polar shoot extracts. Biomass‐related metabolic phenotypes were identified as multivariate data models of these NMR ‘fingerprints’. These included principal components that correlated with biomass. Also, partial least squares‐regression models were found to predict the relative size of plants in previously unseen experiments in different light intensities, or relative size of one genotype from the others. The dominant signal in these models was fumarate, which was high in SA ‐deficient mutants, intermediate in Col‐0 and low in cpr1 at 5°C. Among signals negatively correlated with biomass, malate was prominent. Abundance of transcripts of the FUM2 cytosolic fumarase (At5g50950) showed strong positive correlation with fumarate levels and with biomass, whereas no significant differences were found for the FUM1 mitochondrial fumarase (At2g47510). It was confirmed that the morphological effects of SA under chilling find expression in the metabolome, with a role of fumarate highlighted.