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Identifying Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder at 18 Months in a General Population Sample
Author(s) -
Stenberg Nina,
Bresnahan Michaeline,
Gunnes Nina,
Hirtz Deborah,
Hornig Mady,
Lie Kari Kveim,
Lipkin W. Ian,
Lord Catherine,
Magnus Per,
ReichbornKjennerud Ted,
Schjølberg Synnve,
Surén Pål,
Susser Ezra,
Svendsen Britt Kveim,
Tetzchner Stephen,
Øyen AnneSiri,
Stoltenberg Camilla
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.667
H-Index - 88
eISSN - 1365-3016
pISSN - 0269-5022
DOI - 10.1111/ppe.12114
Subject(s) - medicine , autism spectrum disorder , autism , population , cohort , checklist , pediatrics , norwegian , cohort study , child behavior checklist , clinical psychology , psychiatry , psychology , linguistics , philosophy , environmental health , cognitive psychology
Abstract Background Previous research on clinical and high‐risk samples suggests that signs of autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) can be detected between 1 and 2 years of age. We investigated signs of ASD at 18 months in a population‐based sample and the association with later ASD diagnosis. Methods The study sample includes 52 026 children born 2003 through 2008 and is a subset of children that participated in the N orwegian Mother and Child Cohort ( MoBa ), a population‐based longitudinal study, and the Autism Birth Cohort ( ABC ), a sub‐study on ASD . Parents completed all 23 items from the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ( M‐CHAT ) at 18 months. Results The M‐CHAT 6‐critical‐item criterion and the 23‐item criterion had a specificity of 97.9% and 92.7% and a sensitivity of 20.8% and 34.1%, respectively. In the 173 children diagnosed with ASD to date, 60 children (34.7%) scored above the cut‐off on either of the screening criteria. The items with the highest likelihood ratios were ‘interest in other children’, ‘show objects to others’ and ‘response to name’. Conclusion Even though one‐third of the children who later received an ASD diagnosis were identified through M‐CHAT items, the majority scored below cut‐off on the screening criteria at 18 months. The results imply that it might not be possible to detect all children with ASD at this age.