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Ambient Air Pollution and Traffic Exposures and Congenital Heart Defects in the S an J oaquin Valley of C alifornia
Author(s) -
Padula Amy M.,
Tager Ira B.,
Carmichael Suzan L.,
Hammond S. Katharine,
Yang Wei,
Lurmann Frederick,
Shaw Gary M.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
paediatric and perinatal epidemiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.667
H-Index - 88
eISSN - 1365-3016
pISSN - 0269-5022
DOI - 10.1111/ppe.12055
Subject(s) - medicine , quartile , odds ratio , confidence interval , cardiology , great arteries , heart disease
Background Congenital anomalies are a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Studies suggest associations between environmental contaminants and some anomalies, although evidence is limited. Methods We used data from the C alifornia C enter of the N ational B irth D efects P revention S tudy and the C hildren's H ealth and A ir P ollution S tudy to estimate the odds of 27 congenital heart defects with respect to quartiles of seven ambient air pollutant and traffic exposures in C alifornia during the first 2 months of pregnancy, 1997–2006 ( n = 822 cases and n = 849 controls). Results Particulate matter < 10 microns ( PM 10 ) was associated with pulmonary valve stenosis [adjusted odds ratio ( aOR ) Fourth Quartile = 2.6] [95% confidence intervals ( CI ) 1.2, 5.7] and perimembranous ventricular septal defects ( aOR Third Quartile = 2.1) [95% CI 1.1, 3.9] after adjusting for maternal race/ethnicity, education and multivitamin use. PM 2.5 was associated with transposition of the great arteries ( aOR Third Quartile = 2.6) [95% CI 1.1, 6.5] and inversely associated with perimembranous ventricular septal defects ( aOR Fourth Quartile = 0.5) [95% CI 0.2, 0.9]. Secundum atrial septal defects were inversely associated with carbon monoxide ( aOR Fourth Quartile = 0.4) [95% CI 0.2, 0.8] and PM 2.5 ( aOR Fourth Quartile = 0.5) [95% CI 0.3, 0.8]. Traffic density was associated with muscular ventricular septal defects ( aOR Fourth Quartile = 3.0) [95% CI 1.2, 7.8] and perimembranous ventricular septal defects ( aOR Third Quartile = 2.4) [95% CI 1.3, 4.6], and inversely associated with transposition of the great arteries ( aOR Fourth Quartile = 0.3) [95% CI 0.1, 0.8]. Conclusions PM 10 and traffic density may contribute to the occurrence of pulmonary valve stenosis and ventricular septal defects, respectively. The results were mixed for other pollutants and had little consistency with previous studies.