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Leafhoppers Exitianus atratus and Amplicephalus funzaensis transmit phytoplasmas of groups 16SrI and 16Sr VII in Colombia
Author(s) -
PerillaHenao L.,
Wilson M. R.,
FrancoLara L.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
plant pathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.928
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1365-3059
pISSN - 0032-0862
DOI - 10.1111/ppa.12490
Subject(s) - phytoplasma , leafhopper , biology , nested polymerase chain reaction , botany , phyllody , 16s ribosomal rna , broom , phaseolus , restriction fragment length polymorphism , genotype , polymerase chain reaction , gene , hemiptera , genetics , ecology
The phytoplasmas of groups 16SrI (‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’) and 16Sr VII (‘ Ca . Phytoplasma fraxini’) have been associated with phytoplasma diseases in several urban tree species in Bogotá, Colombia and surrounding areas. The insect vectors responsible for this phytoplasma transmission are unknown. The objectives of this study were to test for the presence of phytoplasmas in leafhopper species (Cicadellidae) collected in areas with diseased trees and to determine the phytoplasma transmission ability of two of these species. Leafhoppers of nine species were collected at two sampling sites and tested by nested or double nested PCR using primers for the 16S rRNA gene. The amplicons were subjected to RFLP and/or sequencing analysis. Phytoplasmas of group 16SrI were detected in morphospecies MF 05 ( Haldorus sp.), group 16Sr VII in MF 07 ( Xestocephalus desertorum ), MF 08 ( Empoasca sp.) and MF 09 (Typhlocybinae), and both groups 16SrI and 16Sr VII in MF 01 ( Empoasca sp.), MF 02 (Typhlocybinae), MF 03 ( Scaphytopius sp.), MF 04 ( Amplicephalus funzaensis ) and MF 06 ( Exitianus atratus ). Transmission tests to uninfected bean plants ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) were performed using field collected A. funzaensis and E. atratus individuals in separate assays. After 5 weeks, the test plants exposed to individuals of both species of leafhoppers showed symptoms, suggesting phytoplasma infection. Phytoplasma groups 16SrI and 16Sr VII were detected in the two groups of exposed plants, indicating that A. funzaensis and E. atratus were able to transmit both groups of phytoplasmas. This is the first report of insect vectors for phytoplasmas of group 16Sr VII in the world and of 16SrI in South America.