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A mushroom derived ‘carbohydrate‐fraction’ reinstates host‐immunity and protects from Leishmania donovani infection
Author(s) -
Hussain Aabid,
Ghosh Sanhita,
Roy Kamalika,
Nath Supriya,
Sarkar Biswajyoti,
Dutta Aritri,
Maji Priyankar,
Basu Shibani,
Paul Sharmistha,
Dey Somaditya,
Chakraborty Kakuli,
Raychaudhury Bikramjit,
Acharya Krishnendu,
Ganguly Jhuma,
Pal Chiranjib
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
parasite immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.795
H-Index - 75
eISSN - 1365-3024
pISSN - 0141-9838
DOI - 10.1111/pim.12806
Subject(s) - leishmania donovani , biology , in vivo , immunology , spleen , population , leishmania major , proinflammatory cytokine , cytokine , leishmania , leishmaniasis , microbiology and biotechnology , inflammation , visceral leishmaniasis , parasite hosting , medicine , environmental health , world wide web , computer science
The anti‐leishmanial effect of the ‘carbohydrate‐fraction’, isolated from an edible mushroom Astraeus hygrometricus, was evaluated against Leishmania donovani infection both in vitro and in vivo. Ah f‐Car induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (iNOS2) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines like TNF‐α and IL‐12, with subsequent downregulation of the anti‐inflammatory cytokines as TGF‐β and IL‐10, in vitro and in vivo along with a remarkable increase in the expressions of IL‐6, IL‐1β, IFN‐γ and IRFs, IRF‐7 and IRF‐8 in vivo. Ah f‐Car also reduced the parasite burden in the spleen and liver dose‐dependently with a simultaneous proliferation of Ly6C + cells in the bone marrow of Leishmania ‐infected experimental animals. It also increased the monocyte population dose‐dependently and the expression of the myeloid transcription factor PU.1, in vivo , which presumably signifies the expansion of protective macrophages. Thus, Ah f‐Car might be a potent anti‐leishmanial lead with unique and effective adjuvant capacity.