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Immunopathology and modulation induced by hookworms: From understanding to intervention
Author(s) -
Mourão Dias Magalhães Luisa,
Silva Araújo Passos Livia,
Toshio Fujiwara Ricardo,
Lacerda Bueno Lilian
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
parasite immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.795
H-Index - 75
eISSN - 1365-3024
pISSN - 0141-9838
DOI - 10.1111/pim.12798
Subject(s) - immunology , helminthiasis , hookworm infection , biology , immunopathology , necator americanus , neglected tropical diseases , transmission (telecommunications) , hookworm infections , helminths , medicine , disease , pathology , ascaris lumbricoides , engineering , electrical engineering
Hookworm infection is considered the most prevalent human soil‐transmitted helminth infection affecting approximately 500 million people and accounting for 3.2 million disability‐adjusted life years lost annually. As with many other neglected tropical diseases, no international surveillance mechanisms that show accurate data on the prevalence of hookworm infection are in place, thus hindering strategies to control parasite transmission. In this review, we unravel the current knowledge in immunopathology and immunoregulation of hookworm infection and present discoveries in drug therapies based on the capability of hookworms to regulate inflammation to treat allergic, inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Additionally, we highlight potential vaccine development and treatments and propose avenues for further inquiry.