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Expression profiling of Sudanese visceral leishmaniasis patients pre‐ and post‐treatment with sodium stibogluconate
Author(s) -
Salih M. A. M.,
Fakiola M.,
Lyons P. A.,
Younis B. M.,
Musa A. M.,
Elhassan A. M.,
Anderson D.,
Syn G.,
Ibrahim M. E.,
Blackwell J. M.,
Mohamed H. S.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
parasite immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.795
H-Index - 75
eISSN - 1365-3024
pISSN - 0141-9838
DOI - 10.1111/pim.12431
Subject(s) - biology , sodium stibogluconate , sanguinarine , immunology , leishmania donovani , immune system , pharmacology , microarray analysis techniques , visceral leishmaniasis , cancer research , leishmaniasis , gene expression , alkaloid , gene , biochemistry , botany
Summary Visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) in Sudan caused by Leishmania donovani is fatal in susceptible individuals if untreated. Treatment with sodium stibogluconate ( SSG ) leads to post‐kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis ( PKDL ) in 58% of patients. Here, Affymetrix microarrays were used to identify genes differentially expressed in lymph nodes (N=9 paired samples) pre‐ and post‐treatment with SSG . Using the Bioconductor package limma , 438 genes from 28 869 post‐quality‐control probe sets were differentially expressed ( P nominal ≤.02) post‐ vs pretreatment. Canonical pathway analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis™ identified “role of nuclear factor of activated T‐cell in regulation of immune response” ( P nominal =1.35×10 −5 ; P BH ‐adjusted =4.79×10 −3 ), “B‐cell development” ( P nominal =2.04×10 −4 ; P BH ‐adjusted =.024), “Fcγ receptor‐mediated phagocytosis in macrophages and monocytes” ( P nominal =2.04×10 −4 ; P BH ‐adjusted =.024) and “ OX 40 signalling” ( P nominal =2.82×10 −4 ; P BH ‐adjusted =.025) as pathways differentially regulated post‐ vs pretreatment. Major network hub genes included TP 53, FN 1, MYC , BCL 2, JUN , SYK , RUNX 2, MMP 1 and ACTA 2 . Top endogenous upstream regulators included IL ‐7 ( P =2.28×10 −6 ), TNF ( P =4.26×10 −6 ), Amyloid Precursor Protein ( P =4.23×10 −5 ) and SPI 1/ PI .1 ( P =1.17×10 −7 ). Top predicted chemical drug regulators included the flavonoid genistein ( P =4.56×10 −7 ) and the quinoline alkaloid camptothecin ( P =5.14×10 −5 ). These results contribute to our understanding of immunopathology associated with VL and response to SSG treatment. Further replication could identify novel therapeutic strategies that improve on SSG treatment and reduce the likelihood of progression to PKDL .