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Host Th1/Th2 immune response to Taenia solium cyst antigens in relation to cyst burden of neurocysticercosis
Author(s) -
Tharmalingam J.,
Prabhakar A. T.,
Gangadaran P.,
Dorny P.,
Vercruysse J.,
Geldhof P.,
Rajshekhar V.,
Alexander M.,
Oommen A.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
parasite immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.795
H-Index - 75
eISSN - 1365-3024
pISSN - 0141-9838
DOI - 10.1111/pim.12351
Subject(s) - neurocysticercosis , taenia solium , immunology , cyst , biology , antigen , immune system , helminthiasis , cysticercosis , medicine , pathology , zoology
Summary Neurocysticercosis ( NCC ), Taenia solium larval infection of the brain, is an important cause of acquired seizures in endemic countries, which relate to number, location and degenerating cysts in the brain. Multicyst infections are common in endemic countries although single‐cyst infection prevails in India. Single‐cyst infections in an endemic country suggest a role for host immunity limiting the infection. This study examined ex vivo CD 4 + T cells and in vitro Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses to T. solium cyst antigens of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy subjects from endemic and nonendemic regions and of single‐ and multicyst‐infected patients for association with cyst burden of NCC . T. solium cyst antigens elicited a Th1 cytokine response in healthy subjects of T. solium ‐endemic and T. solium ‐non‐endemic regions and those with single‐cyst infections and a Th2 cytokine response from subjects with multicyst neurocysticercosis. Multicyst neurocysticercosis subjects also exhibited low levels of effector memory CD 4 + T cells. Th1 cytokine response of T. solium exposure and low infectious loads may aid in limiting cyst number. Th2 cytokines and low effector T cells may enable multiple‐cyst infections to establish and persist.