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The intermediate host immune response in cystic echinococcosis
Author(s) -
Tamarozzi F.,
Mariconti M.,
Neumayr A.,
Brunetti E.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
parasite immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.795
H-Index - 75
eISSN - 1365-3024
pISSN - 0141-9838
DOI - 10.1111/pim.12301
Subject(s) - immune system , biology , parasite hosting , host (biology) , immunology , effector , inflammation , immunity , ecology , world wide web , computer science
SUMMARY Cystic echinococcosis ( CE ) is a chronic, complex and neglected zoonotic infection. In most cases, CE cysts and the intermediate host co‐habit for a long time in the absence of symptoms and elicit very little inflammation. However, the immune interplay between the parasite and the host is complex, encompassing effective parasite‐killing immune mechanisms implemented by the host, which in turn are modulated by the parasite. The immune response to the parasite has been exploited for the diagnosis of the disease and for the development of an effective vaccine to use in the natural intermediate host, but the mechanisms of parasite killing and immunomodulation are still unknown. Here, we reviewed the immune effector mechanisms and the strategies of immune evasion in the intermediate host.