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Antileishmanial and immunomodulatory effects of the essential oil from Tetradenia riparia (Hochstetter) Codd
Author(s) -
Demarchi Izabel Galhardo,
Terron Mariana de Souza,
Thomazella Mateus Vailant,
Mota Camila Alves,
Gazim Zilda Cristiani,
Cortez Diógenez Aparício Garcia,
Aristides Sandra Mara Alessi,
Silveira Thaís Gomes Verzignassi,
Lonardoni Maria Valdrinez Campana
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
parasite immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.795
H-Index - 75
eISSN - 1365-3024
pISSN - 0141-9838
DOI - 10.1111/pim.12297
Subject(s) - biology , immunology
Summary Cutaneous leishmaniasis usually presents therapeutic resistance to antimonials, and the existing therapies for leishmaniasis have many adverse effects and toxicity. Natural products may be regarded as possible candidates for alternative leishmaniasis treatment. The plant Tetradenia riparia has shown promise for the treatment of infectious diseases in folk medicine. We evaluated the antileishmanial activity of an essential oil from T. riparia (Tr EO ) and the modulatory effects of Tr EO on cytokine modulation by peritoneal fluid cells that were infected with L. (L.) amazonensis . Peritoneal fluid cells were infected with Leishmania and incubated with Tr EO (30 ng/mL) for 3, 6, and 24 h. Cytokines were screened using semi‐quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT ‐ PCR ) and flow cytometry. Antileishmanial activity was evaluated at 24 h by microscopic counting and quantitative PCR ( qPCR ). Tr EO treatment induced the death of 50% of Leishmania amastigotes (indicated by microscopic counting) and 91% of the parasite load (indicated by qPCR ). Tr EO inhibited some of the most critical cytokines for parasite growth and the establishment of infection, including granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, interleukin‐4 ( IL ‐4), IL ‐10, and tumour necrosis factor. The parasite inhibited interferon‐γ and IL ‐12, and Tr EO blocked this inhibition, indicating that these cytokines are critical for activating mechanisms associated with the death and elimination of the parasite. These results suggest that Tr EO may be an alternative leishmaniasis therapy when considering its antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activity.