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Mechanisms and prevention of UV ‐induced melanoma
Author(s) -
Sample Ashley,
He YuYing
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
photodermatology, photoimmunology and photomedicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.736
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1600-0781
pISSN - 0905-4383
DOI - 10.1111/phpp.12329
Subject(s) - melanoma , skin cancer , dermatology , ultraviolet radiation , oxidative stress , medicine , dna damage , sun exposure , sunlight , cancer research , cancer , biology , chemistry , dna , genetics , radiochemistry , physics , astronomy
Summary Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and its incidence is rising, creating a costly and significant clinical problem. Exposure to ultraviolet ( UV ) radiation, namely UVA (315‐400 nm) and UVB (280‐315 nm), is a major risk factor for melanoma development. Cumulative UV radiation exposure from sunlight or tanning beds contributes to UV ‐induced DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the skin. A number of factors, including hair color, skin type, genetic background, location, and history of tanning, determine the skin's response to UV radiation. In melanocytes, dysregulation of this UV radiation response can lead to melanoma. Given the complex origins of melanoma, it is difficult to develop curative therapies and universally effective preventative strategies. Here, we describe and discuss the mechanisms of UV ‐induced skin damage responsible for inducing melanomagenesis, and explore options for therapeutic and preventative interventions.