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Simple 3,6‐disubstituted Carbazoles as Potential Hole Transport Materials: Photophysical, Electrochemical and Theoretical Studies
Author(s) -
Keremane Kavya S.,
Rao Rathnamala,
Adhikari Airody Vasudeva
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
photochemistry and photobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.818
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1751-1097
pISSN - 0031-8655
DOI - 10.1111/php.13337
Subject(s) - carbazole , solvatochromism , materials science , intramolecular force , context (archaeology) , perovskite (structure) , electrochemistry , lanthanide , nanotechnology , molecule , optoelectronics , photochemistry , chemistry , electrode , crystallography , organic chemistry , ion , paleontology , biology
Developing effective and low‐cost organic hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) is crucial for the construction of high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and to promote their production in commercial ventures. In this context, we herein report the molecular design, synthesis and characterization of two novel D‐A‐D‐A‐D architectured 9‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐9 H ‐carbazoles, connecting the mono/dimethoxyphenyl substituted cyanovinylene sidearms symmetrically at 3 rd and 6 th positions of the carbazole heterocycle ( CZ 1‐2 ), as potential hole‐transporting materials (HTMs). The current work highlights their structural, photophysical, thermal, electrochemical and theoretical investigations, including their structure‐property correlation studies. Evidently, the optical studies showcased their excellent fluorescence ability due to their push–pull natured structure with extended π‐conjugation. Further, in‐depth solvatochromic studies demonstrated their intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT)‐dominated optoelectronic behavior, supported by various correlation studies. Also, the optical results revealed that CZ 1 and CZ 2 display λ abs and λ emi in the order of 410–430 nm and 530–560 nm, respectively , with a bandgap in the range of 2.5–2.6 eV. Finally, their quantum chemical simulations have provided an insight into the predictions of their structural, molecular, electronic and optical parameters. Conclusively, the study furnishes a deeper understanding of the intricacies involved in the structural modification of carbazole‐based HTMs for achieving better performance.