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First Report on Photodynamic Inactivation of Archaea Including a Novel Method for High‐Throughput Reduction Measurement
Author(s) -
Eckl Daniel B.,
Huber Harald,
Bäumler Wolfgang
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
photochemistry and photobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.818
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1751-1097
pISSN - 0031-8655
DOI - 10.1111/php.13229
Subject(s) - halobacterium salinarum , photosensitizer , archaea , high throughput screening , photodynamic therapy , chemistry , biophysics , biology , biochemistry , photochemistry , gene , organic chemistry
Archaea are considered third, independent domain of living organisms besides eukaryotic and bacterial cells. To date, no report is available of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of any archaeal cells. Two commercially available photosensitizers (SAPYR and TMPyP) were used to investigate photodynamic inactivation of Halobacterium salinarum . In addition, a novel high‐throughput method was tested to evaluate microbial reduction in vitro . Due to the high salt content of the culture medium, the physical and chemical properties of photosensitizers were analyzed via spectroscopy and fluorescence‐based DPBF assays. Attachment or uptake of photosensitizers to or in archaeal cells was investigated. The photodynamic inactivation of Halobacterium salinarum was evaluated via growth curve method allowing a high throughput of samples. The presented results indicate that the photodynamic mechanisms are working even in high salt environments. Either photosensitizer inactivated the archaeal cells with a reduction of 99.9% at least. The growth curves provided a fast and precise measurement of cell viability. The results show for the first time that PDI can kill not only bacterial cells but also robust archaea. The novel method for generating high‐throughput growth curves provides benefits for future research regarding antimicrobial substances in general.