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Preclinical Investigation of Methylene Blue‐mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on Leishmania Parasites Using Real‐Time Bioluminescence
Author(s) -
Cabral Fernanda V.,
Sabino Caetano P.,
Dimmer Jesica A.,
Sauter Ismael P.,
Cortez Mauro J.,
Ribeiro Martha S.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
photochemistry and photobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.818
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1751-1097
pISSN - 0031-8655
DOI - 10.1111/php.13188
Subject(s) - methylene blue , photodynamic therapy , antimicrobial , in vivo , microbiology and biotechnology , leishmania , in vitro , pharmacology , medicine , biology , chemistry , parasite hosting , biochemistry , photocatalysis , computer science , catalysis , organic chemistry , world wide web
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected disease that promotes destructive lesions. Difficulties in treatment are related to accessibility of drugs, resistance and toxicity. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has been emerging as a promising treatment for CL. In this work, we evaluated methylene blue (MB)‐mediated APDT (MB‐APDT) on Leishmania amazonensis in vitro and in vivo by bioluminescence technique. In vitro , MB‐APDT was performed using a red LED (λ = 660 ± 11 nm, 100 mW cm −2 ) and MB (100 µ m ) at different light doses. In vivo , mice were infected and 4 weeks later, randomly divided into three groups: control, APDT 1 (single session) and APDT 2 (two sessions of MB‐APDT). MB was used at 100 µ m and energy dose was established at 150 J cm −2 . Parasite burden, lesion size and pain were evaluated weekly for 4 weeks. In vitro , lethal dose for 90% parasite inactivation was achieved at 48.8 J cm −2 . In vivo, although APDT 1 and APDT 2 groups have showed similar parasite burden after 4 weeks, two sessions were clinically better, especially considering the inflammatory process associated to CL. Our findings reinforce MB‐APDT as a cost‐effective treatment to combat CL.