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Quantifying Direct DNA Damage in the Basal Layer of Skin Exposed to UV Radiation from Sunbeds
Author(s) -
Barnard Isla Rose Mary,
Tierney Patrick,
Campbell Catherine Louise,
McMillan Lewis,
Moseley Harry,
Eadie Ewan,
Brown Christian Thomas Alcuin,
Wood Kenneth
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
photochemistry and photobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.818
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1751-1097
pISSN - 0031-8655
DOI - 10.1111/php.12935
Subject(s) - pyrimidine dimer , irradiation , dna damage , skin cancer , ultraviolet , radiation , dna , biophysics , cyclobutane , chemistry , human skin , photochemistry , materials science , biology , optics , physics , optoelectronics , biochemistry , cancer , genetics , ring (chemistry) , organic chemistry , nuclear physics
Nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancers are attributable to DNA damage caused by ultraviolet ( UV ) radiation exposure. One DNA photoproduct, the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer ( CPD ), is believed to lead to DNA mutations caused by UV radiation. Using radiative transfer simulations, we compare the number of CPD s directly induced by UV irradiation from artificial and natural UV sources (a standard sunbed and the midday summer Mediterranean sun) for skin types I and II on the Fitzpatrick scale. We use Monte Carlo radiative transfer ( MCRT ) modeling to track the progression of UV photons through a multilayered three dimensional (3D) grid that simulates the upper layers of the skin. By recording the energy deposited in the DNA ‐containing cells of the basal layer, the number of CPD s formed can be quantified. The aim of this work was to compare the number of CPD s formed in the basal layer of the skin and by implication the risk of developing cancer, as a consequence of irradiation by artificial and natural sources. Our simulations show that the number of CPD s formed per second during sunbed irradiation is almost three times that formed during solar irradiation.