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Fluorinated Photodynamic Therapy Device Tips and their Resistance to Fouling for In Vivo Sensitizer Release
Author(s) -
Ghogare Ashwini A.,
Miller Joann M.,
Mondal Bikash,
Lyons Alan M.,
Cengel Keith A.,
Busch Theresa M.,
Greer Alexander
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
photochemistry and photobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.818
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1751-1097
pISSN - 0031-8655
DOI - 10.1111/php.12538
Subject(s) - singlet oxygen , photodynamic therapy , biomaterial , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , chemistry , biofouling , biomolecule , nanotechnology , materials science , photochemistry , chemical engineering , oxygen , organic chemistry , membrane , biochemistry , engineering
We describe progress on a one‐step photodynamic therapy ( PDT ) technique that is simple: device tip delivery of sensitizer, oxygen and light simultaneously. Control is essential for their delivery to target sites to generate singlet oxygen. One potential problem is the silica device tip may suffer from biomaterial fouling and the pace of sensitizer photorelease is slowed. Here, we have used biomaterial ( e.g . proteins, cells, etc .) from SQ 20B head and neck tumors and whole blood for an assessment of fouling of the silica tips by adsorption. It was shown that by exchanging the native silica tip for a fluorinated tip, a better nonstick property led to an increased sensitizer output by ~10%. The fluorinated tip gave a sigmoidal photorelease where singlet oxygen is stabilized to physical quenching, whereas the native silica tip with unprotected SiO–H groups gave a slower (pseudolinear) photorelease. A further benefit from fluorinated silica is that 15% less biomaterial adheres to its surface compared to native silica based on a bicinchoninic acid assay ( BCA ) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) measurements. We discuss how the fluorination of the device tip increases biofouling resistance and can contribute to a new pointsource PDT tool.