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Proanthocyanidins from Grape Seeds Inhibit UV –Radiation‐Induced Immune Suppression in Mice: Detection and Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Targets
Author(s) -
Katiyar Santosh K.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
photochemistry and photobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.818
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1751-1097
pISSN - 0031-8655
DOI - 10.1111/php.12330
Subject(s) - immune system , immunosuppression , skin cancer , carcinogenesis , cancer research , carcinogen , immunology , melanoma , dna damage , biology , pharmacology , cancer , dna , biochemistry , genetics
Ultraviolet ( UV )–radiation‐induced immunosuppression has been linked with the risk of skin carcinogenesis. Approximately, 2 million new cases of skin cancers, including melanoma and nonmelanoma, diagnosed each year in the USA and therefore have a tremendous bad impact on public health. Dietary phytochemicals are promising options for the development of effective strategy for the prevention of photodamaging effects of UV radiation including the risk of skin cancer. Grape seed proanthocyanidins ( GSP s) are such phytochemicals. Dietary administration of GSP s with AIN 76A control diet significantly inhibits UV ‐induced skin tumor development as well as suppression of immune system. UV ‐induced suppression of immune system is commonly determined using contact hypersensitivity ( CHS ) model which is a prototype of T–cell‐mediated immune response. We present evidence that inhibition of UV ‐induced suppression of immune system by GSP s is mediated through: (i) the alterations in immunoregulatory cytokines, interleukin ( IL )‐10 and IL ‐12, (ii) DNA repair, (iii) stimulation of effector T cells and (iv) DNA repair‐dependent functional activation of dendritic cells in mouse model. These information have important implications for the use of GSP s as a dietary supplement in chemoprevention of UV ‐induced immunosuppression as well as photocarcinogenesis.