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Linezolid and Vancomycin Decrease the Therapeutic Effect of Methylene Blue‐Photodynamic therapy in a Mouse Model of MRSA Bacterial Arthritis
Author(s) -
Tanaka Masamitsu,
Mroz Pawel,
Dai Tianhong,
Huang Liyi,
Morimoto Yuji,
Kinoshita Manabu,
Yoshihara Yasuo,
Shinomiya Nariyoshi,
Seki Shuhji,
Nemoto Koichi,
Hamblin Michael R.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
photochemistry and photobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.818
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1751-1097
pISSN - 0031-8655
DOI - 10.1111/php.12040
Subject(s) - methylene blue , photodynamic therapy , linezolid , vancomycin , staphylococcus aureus , chemokine , medicine , arthritis , therapeutic effect , pharmacology , antibiotics , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , immunology , bacteria , inflammation , biology , photocatalysis , biochemistry , organic chemistry , genetics , catalysis
We previously reported that photodynamic therapy ( PDT ) using intra‐articular methylene blue ( MB ) could be used to treat arthritis in mice caused by bioluminescent methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) either in a therapeutic or in a preventative mode. PDT accumulated neutrophils into the mouse knee via activation of chemoattractants such as inflammatory cytokines or chemokines. In this study, we asked whether PDT combined with antibiotics used for MRSA could provide added benefit in controlling the infection. We compared MB ‐ PDT alone, systemic administration of either linezolid ( LZD ) alone or vancomycin ( VCM ) alone or the combination of PDT with either LZD or VCM . Real‐time noninvasive imaging was used to serially follow the progress of the infection. PDT alone was the most effective, whereas LZD alone was ineffective and VCM alone showed some benefit. Surprisingly the addition of LZD or VCM reduced the therapeutic effect of PDT alone ( P < 0.05). Considering that PDT in this mouse model stimulates neutrophils to be antibacterial rather than actively killing the bacteria, we propose that LZD and VCM might inhibit the activation of inflammatory cytokines without eradicating the bacteria, and thereby reduce the therapeutic effect of PDT .