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Microalbuminuria and retinopathy in adolescents and young adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Author(s) -
Ek Anna E.,
Samuelsson Ulf,
Janson Annika,
Carlsson Annelie,
Elimam Amira,
Marcus Claude
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
pediatric diabetes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.678
H-Index - 75
eISSN - 1399-5448
pISSN - 1399-543X
DOI - 10.1111/pedi.13074
Subject(s) - medicine , microalbuminuria , type 2 diabetes , diabetes mellitus , retinopathy , type 1 diabetes , hazard ratio , diabetic retinopathy , pediatrics , albuminuria , confidence interval , endocrinology
Aim To estimate the occurrence of complications related to early‐onset type 2 diabetes compared with type 1 diabetes. Methods All individuals registered in the Swedish Pediatric Quality Diabetes Register and the Swedish National Diabetes Register with type 2 diabetes diagnosis at 10 to 25 years of age between 1996 and 2014 (n = 1413) were included. As controls, individuals with type 1 diabetes were randomly selected from the same registers and were matched for age, sex, and year‐of‐onset (n = 3748). Results Of the adolescents with type 2 diabetes in the pediatric register, 7.7% had microalbuminuria and 24.6% had signs of retinopathy 5 years after diagnosis, whereas the adolescents with type 1 diabetes 3.8% had microalbuminuria and 19.2% had retinopathy. Among the young adults with type 2 diabetes from the adult diabetes register 10 years after diagnosis 15.2% had microalbuminuria and 39.7% retinopathy, whereas the young adults with type 1 diabetes 4.8% had microalbuminuria and 43.8% retinopathy. After adjustment for established risk factors measured over time in the whole combined cohort, individuals with type 2 diabetes had significantly higher risk of microalbuminuria with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.32 (95% confidence interval, CI 2.86‐3.85, P < .001), and retinopathy with a HR of 1.17 (95% CI 1.06‐1.30, P 0.04). Conclusions The prevalence of complications and comorbidities was higher among those with type 2 diabetes compared with type 1 diabetes, although prevalent in both groups. Early monitoring and more active treatment of type 2 diabetes in young individuals is required.