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Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy detects increased activation of the brain frontal‐parietal network in youth with type 1 diabetes
Author(s) -
Mazaika Paul K.,
Marzelli Matthew,
Tong Gabby,
FolandRoss Lara C.,
Buckingham Bruce A.,
Aye Tandy,
Reiss Allan L.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
pediatric diabetes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.678
H-Index - 75
eISSN - 1399-5448
pISSN - 1399-543X
DOI - 10.1111/pedi.12992
Subject(s) - functional near infrared spectroscopy , neuroimaging , medicine , neurotypical , type 1 diabetes , functional magnetic resonance imaging , audiology , functional neuroimaging , neuroscience , neural correlates of consciousness , type 2 diabetes , cognition , psychology , prefrontal cortex , diabetes mellitus , psychiatry , autism spectrum disorder , autism , endocrinology
When considered as a group, children with type 1 diabetes have subtle cognitive deficits relative to neurotypical controls. However, the neural correlates of these differences remain poorly understood. Using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we investigated the brain functional activations of young adolescents (19 individuals with type 1 diabetes, 18 healthy controls, ages 8‐16 years) during a Go/No‐Go response inhibition task. Both cohorts had the same performance on the task, but the individuals with type 1 diabetes subjects had higher activations in a frontal‐parietal network including the bilateral supramarginal gyri and bilateral rostrolateral prefrontal cortices. The activations in these regions were positively correlated with fewer parent‐reported conduct problems (ie, lower Conduct Problem scores) on the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition. Lower Conduct Problem scores are characteristic of less rule‐breaking behavior suggesting a link between this brain network and better self‐control. These findings are consistent with a large functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of children with type 1 diabetes using completely different participants. Perhaps surprisingly, the between‐group activation results from fNIRS were statistically stronger than the results using fMRI. This pilot study is the first fNIRS investigation of executive function for individuals with type 1 diabetes. The results suggest that fNIRS is a promising functional neuroimaging resource for detecting the brain correlates of behavior in the pediatric clinic.