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Vitamin D status in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium ( PDC ) is not worse than in youth without diabetes
Author(s) -
Wood Jamie R.,
Connor Crystal G.,
Cheng Peiyao,
Ruedy Katrina J.,
Tamborlane William V.,
Klingensmith Georgeanna,
Schatz Desmond,
Gregg Brigid,
Cengiz Eda,
Willi Steven,
Bacha Fida,
Beck Roy W.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
pediatric diabetes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.678
H-Index - 75
eISSN - 1399-5448
pISSN - 1399-543X
DOI - 10.1111/pedi.12340
Subject(s) - medicine , type 1 diabetes , vitamin d and neurology , diabetes mellitus , vitamin d deficiency , national health and nutrition examination survey , type 2 diabetes , population , ethnic group , demography , endocrinology , gerontology , environmental health , sociology , anthropology
Objective To describe vitamin D levels and prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency, insufficiency and deficiency in a large, ethnically/racially diverse population of youth with type 1 diabetes ( T1D ) and type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) in comparison to national data and examine the associations between clinical/demographic factors and vitamin D levels. Methods 25‐hydroxy vitamin D ( 25OHD ) levels were measured in 215 youth with T1D and 326 youth with T2D enrolled in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium ( PDC ). These levels were compared with those of youth of the same age without diabetes from the 2005–2006 NHANES Survey. Results Vitamin D deficiency (<21 ng/ mL ) was present in 36% of PDC participants, and insufficiency (21–29 ng/ mL ) was present in an additional 34%. About 36% of age‐matched youth in the NHANES Survey were vitamin D deficient and an additional 41% were insufficient. Deficiency or insufficiency varied by race/ethnicity, being highest in African–Americans (86%), intermediate in Hispanics (77%), and lowest in non‐Hispanic whites (47%). Lower 25OHD levels were observed in African–American and Hispanic youth, during fall and winter, and at sites in the northern United States (all p‐values < 0.001). Youth with T2D had significantly lower 25OHD levels than youth with T1D (p < 0.001), but this difference was largely eliminated after adjusting for race/ethnicity and socio‐economic status. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is present in a substantial proportion of youth with diabetes, particularly minorities, but the prevalence appears similar to that in youth without diabetes. Further studies are needed to examine whether youth with diabetes would benefit from vitamin D supplementation.