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Serum adiposity‐induced biomarkers in obese and lean children with recently diagnosed autoimmune type 1 diabetes
Author(s) -
Redondo MJ,
Rodriguez LM,
Haymond MW,
Hampe CS,
Smith EO,
Balasubramanyam A,
Devaraj S
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
pediatric diabetes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.678
H-Index - 75
eISSN - 1399-5448
pISSN - 1399-543X
DOI - 10.1111/pedi.12159
Subject(s) - medicine , type 1 diabetes , autoimmune diabetes , diabetes mellitus , type 2 diabetes , obesity , endocrinology
Background/Objective Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetic complications in type 1 diabetes. Adipokines, which regulate obesity‐induced inflammation, may contribute to this association. We compared serum adipokines and inflammatory cytokines in obese and lean children with new‐onset autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Subjects and Methods We prospectively studied 32 lean and 18 obese children (age range: 2–18 yr) with new‐onset autoimmune type 1 diabetes and followed them for up to 2 yr. Serum adipokines [leptin, total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, omentin, resistin, chemerin, visfatin], cytokines [interferon (IFN)‐gamma, interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐12, IL‐6, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐alpha] and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were measured at a median of 7 wk after diagnosis (range: 3–16 wk). Results Lean children were 71.9% non‐Hispanic White, 21.9% Hispanic, and 6.3% African‐American, compared with 27.8, 55.6, and 16.7%, respectively, for obese children (p = 0.01). Compared with lean children, obese children had significantly higher serum leptin, visfatin, chemerin, TNF‐alpha and CRP, and lower total adiponectin and omentin after adjustment for race/ethnicity and Tanner stage. African‐American race was independently associated with higher leptin among youth ≥10 yr (p = 0.007). Leptin levels at onset positively correlated with hemoglobin A1c after 1–2 yr (p = 0.0001) independently of body mass index, race/ethnicity, and diabetes duration. Higher TNF‐alpha was associated with obesity and female gender, after adjustment for race/ethnicity (p = 0.0003). Conclusion Obese children with new‐onset autoimmune type 1 diabetes have a proinflammatory profile of circulating adipokines and cytokines that may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetic complications.