Premium
Obesity is associated with acute inflammation in a sample of adolescents
Author(s) -
Reyes Marcela,
Quintanilla Cristina,
Burrows Raquel,
Blanco Estela,
Cifuentes Mariana,
Gahagan Sheila
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
pediatric diabetes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.678
H-Index - 75
eISSN - 1399-5448
pISSN - 1399-543X
DOI - 10.1111/pedi.12129
Subject(s) - medicine , leptin , obesity , inflammation , waist , endocrinology , adipose tissue , metabolic syndrome , absolute neutrophil count , anthropometry , body mass index , immunology , neutropenia , toxicity
Background Obesity is associated with a mild chronic inflammatory response, which has been suggested to be pivotal in the development of cardiometabolic alterations of obesity. However, little is known about the involvement of acute inflammation. Objective To evaluate whether circulating neutrophils, markers of acute inflammation, are associated (quantitatively and qualitatively) with adolescent obesity and whether leptin modulates these associations. Subjects and methods We assessed 528 adolescents (16.8 yr old, 47% females), without chronic/acute illness. We measured anthropometry and dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry and calculated fat mass percentage ( FM %). Fasting serum glucose, high‐density lipoprotein ( HDL )‐cholesterol, and triglycerides were used with blood pressure and waist circumference to compute a metabolic z ‐score. Leukocyte and neutrophil counts were obtained, together with levels of serum leptin. In a subsample of 23 males, flow cytometry was used to assess degranulation ( CD66b expression) of neutrophils. Results Female sex and obesity were positively related to mean neutrophil counts (p < 0.05). When accounting for sex and weight status, leptin was associated with neutrophil counts (p < 0.05), partially explaining the association between obesity and neutrophil counts. Neutrophil counts were related to metabolic risk z ‐scores, controlling for fat mass. Participants with elevated FM % showed more neutrophil degranulation than controls (p < 0.05). Conclusions Participants with increased adiposity had higher circulating neutrophil counts, suggesting acute inflammation. Furthermore, the neutrophils showed more degranulation, indicating inflammation. Obesity‐induced alteration of the adipose secretory pattern (i.e., changes in leptin levels) could be involved in acute inflammation.