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Intrauterine growth restriction modifies gene expression profiling in cord blood
Author(s) -
Yoshida Taketoshi,
Takasaki Ichiro,
Kanegane Hirokazu,
Inomata Satomi,
Ito Yasunori,
Tamura Kentaro,
Makimoto Masami,
Saito Shigeru,
Yoshimoto Yuko,
Miyawaki Toshio
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
pediatrics international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.49
H-Index - 63
eISSN - 1442-200X
pISSN - 1328-8067
DOI - 10.1111/ped.12324
Subject(s) - medicine , cord blood , fetus , small for gestational age , microarray , gene expression profiling , candidate gene , microarray analysis techniques , bioinformatics , gene expression , disease , gene , pregnancy , andrology , genetics , biology
Background Small‐for‐gestational‐age ( SGA ) newborns are at an increased risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality and development of metabolic syndromes such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T 2 DM ) in adulthood. The mechanism underlying this increased risk remains unclear. In this study, genetic modifications of cord blood were investigated to characterize fetal change in SGA newborns. Methods Gene expression in cord blood cells was compared between 10 SGA newborns and 10 appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age ( AGA ) newborns using microarray analysis. Pathway analysis was conducted using the I ngenuity P athways K nowledge B ase. To confirm the microarray analysis results, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction ( RT ‐ PCR ) was performed for upregulated genes in SGA newborns. Results In total, 775 upregulated and 936 downregulated probes were identified in SGA newborns and compared with those in AGA newborns. Of these probes, 1149 were annotated. Most of these genes have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease and T 2 DM . There was good agreement between the RT ‐ PCR and microarray analyses results. Conclusions Expression of certain genes was modified in SGA newborns in the fetal period. These genes have been associated with metabolic syndrome. To clarify the association between modified gene expression in cord blood and individual vulnerability to metabolic syndrome in adulthood, these SGA newborns will be have long‐term follow up for examination of genetic and postnatal environmental factors. Gene expression of cord blood can be a useful and non‐invasive method of investigation of genetic alterations in the fetal period.