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Vascular Stains: Proposal for a Clinical Classification to Improve Diagnosis and Management
Author(s) -
RozasMuñoz Eduardo,
Frieden Ilona J.,
Roé Esther,
Puig Luis,
Baselga Eulalia
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
pediatric dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.542
H-Index - 73
eISSN - 1525-1470
pISSN - 0736-8046
DOI - 10.1111/pde.12939
Subject(s) - port wine stain , medicine , vascular malformation , telangiectasia , pathology , vascular anomaly , differential diagnosis , stain , dermatology , capillary hemangioma , hemangioma , radiology , staining , laser , physics , optics
Vascular stains are a common reason for consultation in pediatric dermatology clinics. Although vascular stains include all vascular malformations, the term is most often used to refer to capillary malformations, but capillary malformations include a wide range of vascular stains with different clinical features, prognoses, and associated findings. The discovery of several mutations in various capillary malformations and associated syndromes has reinforced these differences, but clinical recognition of these different types of capillary vascular stains is sometimes difficult, and the multitude of classifications and confusing nomenclature often hamper the correct diagnosis and management. From our own experience and a review of the most relevant literature on this topic, we propose categorizing patients with capillary vascular stains into seven major clinical patterns: nevus simplex, port‐wine stain, reticulated capillary malformation, geographic capillary malformation, capillary malformation–arteriovenous malformation ( CM ‐ AVM ), cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, and telangiectasia. We also discuss the differential diagnosis of vascular stains as well as other conditions that can closely resemble capillary malformations and thus may potentially be misdiagnosed.