Premium
Cognitive component of psychomotor retardation in unipolar and bipolar depression: I s verbal fluency a relevant marker? Impact of repetitive transcranial stimulation
Author(s) -
ThomasOllivier Véronique,
Foyer Emmanuelle,
Bulteau Samuel,
Pichot Anne,
Valriviere Pierre,
Sauvaget Anne,
Deschamps Thibault
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
psychiatry and clinical neurosciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.609
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1440-1819
pISSN - 1323-1316
DOI - 10.1111/pcn.12529
Subject(s) - psychomotor retardation , verbal fluency test , psychology , psychomotor learning , audiology , depression (economics) , rating scale , cognition , bipolar disorder , hamilton rating scale for depression , effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance , montreal cognitive assessment , clinical psychology , neuropsychology , psychiatry , developmental psychology , medicine , major depressive disorder , cognitive impairment , alternative medicine , pathology , economics , macroeconomics
Aims In the literature, psychomotor retardation (PMR) is increasingly highlighted as a relevant marker for depression. Currently, we chose to focus on the fluency capacities as an evaluation of the frontal lobes functioning to reach a better understanding of cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms involved in PMR in depression. The aims of this study were: (i) to explore the cognitive component of PMR through the analysis of verbal fluency (VF) performance in unipolar and bipolar depression; and (ii) to examine whether a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment could improve concomitantly the PMR and VF capacities, as a relevant marker characteristic of the cognitive component of PMR. Methods Fifteen unipolar and 15 bipolar patients were compared to 15 healthy adults. Before treatment, the results showed VF deficits, particularly marked in the bipolar group. The investigation of the interplay between PMR, VF performance, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores showed that the deficits in these various dimensions were not homogeneous. Results The absence of correlation between the psychomotor retardation scale (the French Retardation Rating Scale for Depression) and VF, and the correlation with MoCA raise the hypothesis of a more global cognitive impairment associated with PMR in the BD group. The repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment had a positive impact on depression, PMR, and fluency scores. Conclusion Correlations between the Retardation Rating Scale for Depression and VF performances appeared after treatment, showing the cognitive role of psychomotor functioning in depression. Further analyses, including other cognitive measures in an objective evaluation of PMR, are required for a better understanding of these complex relationships.