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Irritable bowel syndrome, its cognition, anxiety sensitivity, and anticipatory anxiety in panic disorder patients
Author(s) -
Sugaya Nagisa,
Yoshida Eiji,
Yasuda Shin,
Tochigi Mamoru,
Takei Kunio,
Ohtani Toshiyuki,
Otowa Takeshi,
Minato Takanobu,
Umekage Tadashi,
Sakano Yuji,
Chen Junwen,
Shimada Hironori,
Nomura Shinobu,
Okazaki Yuji,
Kaiya Hisanobu,
Tanii Hisashi,
Sasaki Tsukasa
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
psychiatry and clinical neurosciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.609
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1440-1819
pISSN - 1323-1316
DOI - 10.1111/pcn.12069
Subject(s) - irritable bowel syndrome , anxiety sensitivity , anxiety , panic , psychology , agoraphobia , panic disorder , cognition , medicine , clinical psychology , psychiatry
Aim The present study examined the effect of irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ), cognitive appraisal of IBS , and anxiety sensitivity on anticipatory anxiety ( AA ) and agoraphobia ( AG ) in patients with panic disorder ( PD ). Methods We examined 244 PD patients who completed a set of questionnaires that included the R ome II M odular Q uestionnaire to assess the presence of IBS , the A nxiety S ensitivity I ndex ( ASI ), the C ognitive A ppraisal R ating S cale ( CARS ; assessing the cognitive appraisal of abdominal symptoms in four dimensions: commitment, appraisal of effect, appraisal of threat, and controllability), and items about the severity of AA and AG . The M ini I nternational N europsychiatric Interview was used to diagnose AG and PD . Results After excluding individuals with possible organic gastrointestinal diseases by using ‘red flag items,’ valid data were obtained from 174 participants, including 110 PD patients without IBS ( PD / IBS [–]) and 64 with IBS ( PD / IBS [+]). The PD / IBS [+] group had higher AA and higher comorbidity with AG than the PD / IBS [–] group. In the PD / IBS [+] group, the controllability score of CARS was significantly correlated with AA and ASI . Multiple regression analysis showed a significant effect of ASI but not of controllability on AA in PD / IBS [+] subjects. Conclusion This study suggested that the presence of IBS may be related to agoraphobia and anticipatory anxiety in PD patients. Cognitive appraisal could be partly related to anticipatory anxiety in PD patients with IBS with anxiety sensitivity mediating this correlation.