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The potent pro‐oxidant activity of rhododendrol–eumelanin is enhanced by ultraviolet A radiation
Author(s) -
Ito Shosuke,
Agata Misa,
Okochi Kotono,
Wakamatsu Kazumasa
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
pigment cell and melanoma research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.618
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1755-148X
pISSN - 1755-1471
DOI - 10.1111/pcmr.12696
Subject(s) - chemistry , pro oxidant , reactive oxygen species , tyrosinase , ascorbic acid , glutathione , photoprotection , antioxidant , cytotoxic t cell , benzoquinone , biochemistry , enzyme , food science , in vitro , photosynthesis
Summary RS ‐4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐butanol (rhododendrol, RD ), a skin‐whitening agent, is known to induce leukoderma in some consumers. To explore the mechanism underlying this effect, we previously showed that the oxidation of RD with mushroom or human tyrosinase produces cytotoxic quinone oxidation products and RD –eumelanin exerts a potent pro‐oxidant activity. Cellular antioxidants were oxidized by RD –eumelanin with a concomitant production of H 2 O 2 . In this study, we examined whether this pro‐oxidant activity of RD –eumelanin is enhanced by ultraviolet A ( UVA ) radiation because most RD –induced leukoderma lesions are found in sun‐exposed areas. Exposure to a physiological level of UVA (3.5 mW/cm 2 ) induced a two to fourfold increase in the rates of oxidation of GSH , cysteine, ascorbic acid, and NADH . This oxidation was oxygen‐dependent and was accompanied by the production of H 2 O 2 . These results suggest that RD –eumelanin is cytotoxic to melanocytes through its potent pro‐oxidant activity that is enhanced by UVA radiation.