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Ultraviolet radiation accelerates NR as‐mutant melanomagenesis: A cooperative effect blocked by sunscreen
Author(s) -
Hennessey Rebecca C.,
Holderbaum Andrea M.,
Bonilla Anamaria,
Delaney Conor,
Gillahan James E.,
Tober Kathleen L.,
Oberyszyn Tatiana M.,
Zippin Jonathan H.,
Burd Christin E.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
pigment cell and melanoma research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.618
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1755-148X
pISSN - 1755-1471
DOI - 10.1111/pcmr.12601
Subject(s) - melanoma , sunburn , dna damage , cancer research , endogeny , mutant , allele , skin cancer , ultraviolet radiation , ultraviolet light , chemistry , medicine , biology , dna , dermatology , cancer , genetics , biochemistry , gene , photochemistry , radiochemistry
Summary To mitigate melanoma risk, sunscreen use is widely advocated; yet, the ability of sunscreens to prevent melanoma remains controversial. Here, we test the tenet that sunscreens limit melanoma risk by blocking ultraviolet radiation ( UV )‐induced DNA damage using murine models that recapitulate the genetics and spontaneous evolution of human melanoma. We find that a single, non‐erythematous dose of UV dramatically accelerates melanoma onset and increases tumor multiplicity in mice carrying an endogenous, melanocyte‐specific NR as 61R allele. By contrast, transient UV exposure does not alter tumor onset in mice lacking p16 INK 4a or harboring an NR as 12D allele. To block the rapid onset of melanoma cooperatively caused by UV and NR as 61R , we employed a variety of aerosol sunscreens. While all sunscreens delayed melanoma formation and blocked UV ‐induced DNA damage, differences in aerosol output (i.e., amount applied/cm 2 ) caused variability in the cancer preventative efficacy of products with identical sunburn protection factor ( SPF ) ratings.