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Sporadic naturally occurring melanoma in dogs as a preclinical model for human melanoma
Author(s) -
Simpson R. Mark,
Bastian Boris C.,
Michael Helen T.,
Webster Joshua D.,
Prasad Manju L.,
Conway Catherine M.,
Prieto Victor M.,
Gary Joy M.,
Goldschmidt Michael H.,
Esplin D. Glen,
Smedley Rebecca C.,
Piris Adriano,
Meuten Donald J.,
Kiupel Matti,
Lee ChyiChia R.,
Ward Jerrold M.,
Dwyer Jennifer E.,
Davis Barbara J.,
Anver Miriam R.,
Molinolo Alfredo A.,
Hoover Shelley B.,
RodriguezCanales Jaime,
Hewitt Stephen M.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
pigment cell and melanoma research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.618
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1755-148X
pISSN - 1755-1471
DOI - 10.1111/pcmr.12185
Subject(s) - melanoma , mucosal melanoma , neuroblastoma ras viral oncogene homolog , pathology , cancer research , medicine , malignancy , metastasis , biology , cancer , colorectal cancer , kras
Summary Melanoma represents a significant malignancy in humans and dogs. Different from genetically engineered models, sporadic canine melanocytic neoplasms share several characteristics with human disease that could make dogs a more relevant preclinical model. Canine melanomas rarely arise in sun‐exposed sites. Most occur in the oral cavity, with a subset having intra‐epithelial malignant melanocytes mimicking the in situ component of human mucosal melanoma. The spectrum of canine melanocytic neoplasia includes benign lesions with some analogy to nevi, as well as invasive primary melanoma, and widespread metastasis. Growing evidence of distinct subtypes in humans, differing in somatic and predisposing germ‐line genetic alterations, cell of origin, epidemiology, relationship to ultraviolet radiation and progression from benign to malignant tumors, may also exist in dogs. Canine and human mucosal melanomas appear to harbor BRAF , NRAS , and c‐kit mutations uncommonly, compared with human cutaneous melanomas, although both species share AKT and MAPK signaling activation. We conclude that there is significant overlap in the clinical and histopathological features of canine and human mucosal melanomas. This represents opportunity to explore canine oral cavity melanoma as a preclinical model.