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The effect of MC 1R variants and sunscreen on the response of human melanocytes in vivo to ultraviolet radiation and implications for melanoma
Author(s) -
Hacker Elke,
Boyce Zachary,
Kimlin Michael G.,
Wockner Leesa,
Pollak Thomas,
Vaartjes Sam A.,
Hayward Nicholas K.,
Whiteman David C.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
pigment cell and melanoma research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.618
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1755-148X
pISSN - 1755-1471
DOI - 10.1111/pcmr.12157
Subject(s) - melanocyte , in vivo , human skin , melanoma , melanin , skin cancer , biology , dna damage , cancer research , melanocortin 1 receptor , ultraviolet radiation , keratinocyte , in vitro , microbiology and biotechnology , dermatology , dna , phenotype , genetics , chemistry , medicine , cancer , gene , radiochemistry
Summary We conducted a clinical trial to compare the molecular and cellular responses of human melanocytes and keratinocytes in vivo to solar‐simulated ultraviolet radiation ( SSUVR ) in 57 Caucasian participants grouped according to MC 1R genotype. We found that, on average, the density of epidermal melanocytes 14 days after exposure to 2 minimal erythemal dose ( MED ) SSUVR was twofold higher than baseline (unirradiated) skin. However, the change in epidermal melanocyte counts among people carrying germline MC 1R variants (97% increase) was significantly less than those with wild‐type MC 1R (164% increase; P = 0.01). We also found that sunscreen applied to the skin before exposure to 2 MED SSUVR completely blocked the effects of DNA damage, p53 induction, and cellular proliferation in both melanocytes and keratinocytes.