Neutral p H  and copper ions promote eumelanogenesis after the dopachrome stage | Zendy

Ito Shosuke | Zendy; Suzuki Natsumi | Zendy; Takebayashi Shiori | Zendy; Commo Stéphane | Zendy; Wakamatsu Kazumasa | Zendy

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Neutral p H and copper ions promote eumelanogenesis after the dopachrome stage

Author(s) -

Ito Shosuke,

Suzuki Natsumi,

Takebayashi Shiori,

Commo Stéphane,

Wakamatsu Kazumasa

Publication year - 2013

Publication title -

pigment cell and melanoma research

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 1.618

H-Index - 105

eISSN - 1755-148X

pISSN - 1755-1471

DOI - 10.1111/pcmr.12137

Subject(s) - melanosome , chemistry , tyrosinase , melanin , tyrosine , copper , ion , photochemistry , biochemistry , biophysics , nuclear chemistry , enzyme , organic chemistry , biology

Summary The diversity of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes of humans has been largely attributed to the diversity of p H in melanosomes with acidic p H being proposed to suppress melanin production. Tyrosinase has an optimum p H of 7.4 and its activity is suppressed greatly at lower p H values. The first step of eumelanogenesis is the oxidation of tyrosine to dopachrome ( DC ) via dopaquinone. However, how eumelanogenesis is controlled by p H beyond this stage is not known. In this study, we examined the effects of p H (5.3–7.3) on the conversion of DC to 5,6‐dihydroxyindole ( DHI ) and 5,6‐dihydroxyindole‐2‐carboxylic acid ( DHICA ) and the subsequent oxidation of DHI and DHICA to form eumelanin. The effects of Cu 2+ ions on those reactions were also compared. The results indicate that an acidic p H greatly suppresses the late stages of eumelanogenesis and that Cu 2+ ions accelerate the conversion of DC to DHICA and its subsequent oxidation.

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