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Improving crop salt tolerance using transgenic approaches: An update and physiological analysis
Author(s) -
Kotula Lukasz,
Garcia Caparros Pedro,
Zörb Christian,
Colmer Timothy D.,
Flowers Timothy J.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
plant, cell and environment
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.646
H-Index - 200
eISSN - 1365-3040
pISSN - 0140-7791
DOI - 10.1111/pce.13865
Subject(s) - antiporter , salinity , genetically modified crops , shoot , vacuole , biology , crop , transgene , soil salinity , agronomy , botany , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , gene , ecology , membrane , cytoplasm
Salinization of land is likely to increase due to climate change with impact on agricultural production. Since most species used as crops are sensitive to salinity, improvement of salt tolerance is needed to maintain global food production. This review summarises successes and failures of transgenic approaches in improving salt tolerance in crop species. A conceptual model of coordinated physiological mechanisms in roots and shoots required for salt tolerance is presented. Transgenic plants overexpressing genes of key proteins contributing to Na + ‘exclusion’ (PM‐ATPases with SOS1 antiporter, and HKT1 transporter) and Na + compartmentation in vacuoles (V‐H + ATPase and V‐H + PPase with NHX antiporter), as well as two proteins potentially involved in alleviating water deficit during salt stress (aquaporins and dehydrins), were evaluated. Of the 51 transformations, with gene(s) involved in Na + ‘exclusion’ or Na + vacuolar compartmentation that contained quantitative data on growth and include a non‐saline control, 48 showed improvements in salt tolerance (less impact on plant mass) of transgenic plants, but with only two tested in field conditions. Of these 51 transformations, 26 involved crop species. Tissue ion concentrations were altered, but not always in the same way. Although glasshouse data are promising, field studies are required to assess crop salinity tolerance.